South Dakota Higher Education Funding Policy Essay

Of Mice and Men – How Does the Writer Show the Frustration and Tension of the Men’s Lives in This Section?

How does the essayist show the dissatisfaction and pressure of the men's lives in this area? (Page 57 †63) In this segment the men are continually in disappointment which makes a strained air as a result of the dread of turning out to be â€Å"sacked† by Curly’s elderly person, in spite of the fact that the main spot that empowers the men on the farm to rest while as yet taking a shot at the farm is by going to â€Å"Susy’s place†. The house of ill-repute is firmly relied upon by the men since it gives the men bliss; their connection with the massage parlor is shown by declaring what the whorehouse comprises of.George is dependant on the house of ill-repute since all he needs is where â€Å"A fellow can go in an’ become inebriated and get ever’thing outta his framework all at once,† now narrowing this statement down to simply, â€Å"and get ever’thing outta his framework all at once†, we are demonstrated that all Geo rge needs is to be away from is the farm and setting off to the whorehouse permits him to just overlook every one of his issues for the length of one night.The certainty that George is frantically ready to get away from life on the farm shows a thought of disappointment since George knows that he’s going to be on there for a significant stretch of time, yet in a similar circumstance, he is in edginess to go home to turn into his own chief. The assurance becomes disappointment because of the likelihood that George’s dream is turning out to be further and further away from his grasp.Although in this area, the strain is generally made by Curley; when Curley enters the farm most of the men change their conduct to an unbalanced trademark, in light of the fact that the primary spotlight is on Curley and his significant other, and the men realize that Curley’s spouse can raise a ruckus because of her coy internal nature. Curley enters the farm looking for his significa nt other which gets the men get baffled since when Curley is available he generally demands stirring up some dust with somebody which prompts Curley attempting to develop the pressure between the men. Curley bust into the room† shows the uneasiness that Curley has towards the men and his better half being around wherever he additionally â€Å"looked threateningly about the room† in endeavor to cause a battle with one of the men. The men additionally guarantee â€Å"Curley’s simply ruining it† by attempting to compromise all the men he is prompting scorn inside the remainder of the farm laborers to conflict with him.

Essay Topics - What Do You Contemplate?

Essay Topics - What Do You Contemplate?The concept of rebuttal essay topics is relatively new. In recent years, there has been a rise in the popularity of essay writing in general and essay topics in particular. It is, therefore, no surprise that those who take an interest in essay writing, whether for their own personal use or for personal enrichment, also turn to essay topics to find something interesting to write about.One reason people turn to essay topics for essay writing is that they are usually organized around a certain theme. For example, the topic of that famous essay, 'The Education of Frederick Douglass' was about slavery, and thus, when people took interest in that topic, they turned to essay topics about slavery.For people with little experience in writing, a good essay involves both writing in one's own voice and in the style of another writer. In short, it involves two people coming together with a common purpose and resulting in a document that expresses a sense of shared sentiment.There are, of course, many different styles of writing in different spheres of life. Essay topics can be written in any of those different styles.Where rebuttal essay topics are concerned, one can write about a vast array of topics. From a historical debate to a contemporary debate, the topics can vary greatly, and yet they all have one thing in common: they are all expressing a sentiment with respect to a set of political and social issues.Since so many different social issues have arisen in the world over the last century, essay topics have, indeed, become many. Indeed, some people are not even sure what the proper scope of essay topics should be for people to consider when writing an essay.An important question is whether or not essays written for the purpose of personal education should be written about politics or just about anything else? Unfortunately, there are many different opinions about this question, but perhaps the most important aspect is that you sho uld not be constrained by the language of the politically correct.To be successful at responding to opposing views, you must understand that there are two different ways to do it, one which is acceptable to the politically correct and one which is not. This means that even though you have an opinion about your topic, you must still be able to properly express that opinion in a manner that people can understand.

Masculinity and male relationship Things Fall Apart, Who...

Masculinity and Male Relationships Masculinity can be defined as a set of qualities or characteristics that is found generally in men, although some women may acquire this trait in certain conditions. Some qualities that attribute to masculinity are strength, boldness, wisdom, honor, and courage. The traits of masculinity are often passed down from father to son, but in some cases fathers may not possess this trait and the son will either acquire it on his own or from another paternal figure. Two literary works that portray the theme of masculinity is â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, a novel by Chinua Achebe, and â€Å"Who Will Stop the Dark† a short story by Charles Mungoshi. Achebe uses the theme of masculinity to describe Okonkwo’s characteristics and†¦show more content†¦Also in the fourth chapter it says, â€Å"Yam stood for manliness, and he who could feed his family on yams from one harvest to another was a very great man indeed. Okonkwo wanted his son to be a great farmer and a great man†3. Okonkwo associates masculinity with yams. According to him the more yams a man can grow determines his position in society. This quote also explains how men are judged on how they are able to provide for their family. Another aspect of male relationship aside from his father is Okonkwo’s relation with his son Nwoye. Okonkwo fears that his son will turn out like his father Unoka: lazy, weak, debtor and hold no title. Nwoye serves as an opposite to being masculine as describe by his father. â€Å"Okonkwo was popularly called the Roaring Flame... How then could he have begotten a son like Nwoye, degenerate and effeminate? Perhaps he was not his son†¦ But Nwoye resembled his grandfather, Unoka, who was Okonkwos father†¦. How could he have begotten a woman for a son?†4. Okonkwo compares himself to fire, a symbol of masculinity. Okonkwo is extremely frustrated with Nwoye because he is not fire-like as him. He is so frustrated that he thinks his wife slept with another man and that Nwoye is not his son. After Okonkwo’s exile, Nwoye took this chance to follow his own path andShow MoreRelatedAdolescence in the Bell Jar and Catcher in the Rye6395 Words   |  26 Pagesgrief, pressure, sexuality etc through their characters Holden and Esther. Throughout adolescence teenagers experience a variety of pressures from their family, friends and even the society. Holden and Esther both come from adequate families who brought them up well although this can also mean living up to their expectations. Esther lives up to different expectations than Holden. Esther’s background was less promising than others, her mother could not provide her with a good education itRead MoreThe Analysis of the Mythic Dimension in ‘a Streetcar Named Desired’6094 Words   |  25 Pagesorigin myths explain how the world came to be in its present form, and often position the cultural group telling the myth as the first people or the true people (Myth 284).   Such sacred stories, or narratives, concern where a people and the things of their world come from, why they are here, where they are going.  Myths and mythology express a culture’s worldview: that is, a people’s conceptions and assumptions about humankind’s place in nature and the universe, and the limits and workings ofRead MoreDate Rape in the Philippines11669 Words   |  47 Pagesin every country, not just in the Philippines. Women have been fighting all throughout their history to gain equality, to rise from oppression, to release themselves from male domination, that fight is still ongoing. There is a quotation from the bible taken from genesis II lines 21-23; â€Å"And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and he slept; and He took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh thereof. And the rib which the Lord God had taken from man, made He a woman, and brought herRead MoreDuchess Of Malf Open Learn10864 Words   |  44 Pagesyears younger. He makes a brief appearance in the 1998 film Shakespeare in Love as a boy who tortures mice, spies on Shakespeare’s love-making, and feels inspired to take up the pen himself after seeing Shakespeare’s blood-soaked revenge tragedy, Titus Andronicus. ‘Plenty of blood. That’s the only writing’, he asserts. This affectionate but crude caricature testifies to Webster’s reputation for writing dark and violent plays. Yet it also testifies to the enduring popularity of those plays. ShakespeareRead MoreASAM 5 Notes Essay6590 Words   |  27 Pageshave pain. Narrator sees limits abound him; the death of his daughter--the fall of Face. Sonny tries to explain similarities: But nobody just takes it, thats what Im telling you! Everybody tries not to. Youre just hung up on the way some people try-- its not your way! (123-33) Three Generations and Women Sonnys father, mother, uncle Sonny, narrator, Isabel The school boys and the narrators children We assume things from one generation to the next get better. The narrator questions thisRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestogether the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbookRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesflow. Increasingly demanding consumer and industrial buyers are basing their purchasing decisions on the quality of products and services, and this requires manufacturers to be vastly more effective and to strengthen the way they manage customer relat ionships. The sellers are now deeply partnered with supply chain processes; this means that the cost and timing of new product releases have taken on new meaning and have new requirements. Fixed costs, which have always been a fundamental factor in managingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesYou Expect â€Å"Service with a Smile† All Around the World? 108 Self-Assessment Library What’s My Emotional Intelligence Score? 115 An Ethical Choice Schadenfreude 120 Point/Counterpoint Sometimes Blowing Your Top Is a Good Thing 122 Questions for Review 121 Experiential Exercise Who Can Catch a Liar? 123 Ethical Dilemma Happiness Coaches for Employees 123 Case Incident 1 Is It Okay to Cry at Work? 124 Case Incident 2 Can You Read Emotions from Faces? 124 S A L S A L 5 Personality andRead MoreBrand Building Blocks96400 Words   |  386 PagesBRAND BUILDING BLOCKS Building Strong Brands: Why Is It Hard? It is not easy to build brands in today s environment. The brand builder who attempts to develop a strong brand is like a golfer playing on a course with heavy roughs, deep sand traps, sharp doglegs, and vast water barriers. It is difficult to score well in such conditions. Substantial pressures and barriers, both internal and external, can inhibit the brand builder. To be able to develop effective brand strategies, it is useful toRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesSection 1: Introduction 1—Managing in Today’s Libraries and Information Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 The Importance of Management. . . . . . . . . . . . What Is Management? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Who Are Managers?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Do Managers Do? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Managerial Roles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . What Resources

Article Review Police Shouldn t Ask If A Shooting Is...

First and foremost I’d like to say that I am against police using their force so willingly. In the New York Times article â€Å"Police Shouldn’t Ask If a Shooting Is Justified, But If It’s Avoidable† by the University of South Carolina School of Law professor Seth Stoughton. Stoughton points out that he suggests that there is a difference in attitudes between civilians and law enforcement when it comes to the use of force. He goes onto say that law enforcement looks at it from the standpoint of is the force justifiable while civilians look at it as is the force avoidable. In the Supreme Court case of 1989 Graham v. Connor, the supreme court said that the police could use force as long as it is objectively reasonable. Why does force only have to be reasonable to be used, shouldn’t force be used only out of necessity? In another article in the Los Angeles Times by Kate Mather an interview was conducted with Mac Shorty, chairman of the Watts Neighbor hood Council. In the interview Shorty says, the people in his neighborhood lost their trust in the Los Angeles Police Department after their recent shootings, saying he even questions calling the police. He goes on to say, that the police can’t be the guardians of the community with all the distrust, whenever the people of the community start to trust the police they shoot someone else. In a New York Times article entitled, â€Å"Fatal Police Shootings: Accounts Since Ferguson† written by Richard Pà ©rez-Peà ±a on April 8, 2015, there wereShow MoreRelatedProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesour job done. Marketing doesn t understand that there s more work for us to do other than just new product development. Marketing personnel should spend their time at the country club and in bar rooms. This will allow us in engineering to finish our work uninterrupted! Questions Marketing expects everyone in engineering to stop what they are doing in order to put out marketing fires. I believe that most of the time the problem is that marketing doesn t know what they want up front. This

Forest Management Essay Example For Students

Forest Management Essay Forest management is the maintaining and management of not only thetrees in the forest, but the streams, habitat, watersheds, and even thedecaying trees or logs on the forest floor. Managing our forests is not onlyimportant to the wildlife, but to our future economy and way of life. We needto continue to save the Oregon forests and help the ecosystems within thembecause human beings are also part of the ecosystem. By using forest management, it can help certain species of wildlife. Some species of birds, such as the pileated woodpecker, which need largesnags to build nest cavities(7). But the worst possible approach to maintaininga wide diversity of species would be to manage every acre of the forest thesame way. Any change in forest habitat creates winners; and losers.; Asforests go through natural cycles of growth, death and regeneration, speciesmay inhabit or be absent from a given area partly in response to naturalchanges in the structure of trees and other forest vegetation(4). The sameoccurs when forest stands are managed by humans. Unless future credible research indicates otherwise, effort should bemade to manage a wide range of forest structures. Maintaining diversity wouldbe best served by using a broader range of management tools. Those wouldinclude harvesting on federal land not simply thinning and increasing thecommitment to old-growth attributes on private forest land throughtechniques such as retaining large trees and snags. As long as federal landsare substantially committed to providing late successional habitat, privateforest land can be substantially committed to younger, intensively managedstands, provided critical habitat characteristics are available. The federal lands make up more than 50% to 60% of the forests inOregon(3). Because timber harvest in now dramatically reduced on federallands, those lands represent a sizable, well distributed pool of both old-growthforests and forests that could become old-growth, providing habitat to thosespecies associated with forests with old-growth characteristics. While a largeportion of federal land is committed to sustaining species that needold-growth, the difficult question remains, how much is enough? Leaving theseforests completely unharvested invites unacceptable, large-scale insectinfestations and catastrophic fires(6). Because federal lands comprise nearly 50 to 60 percent of Oregonsforests, practices on these lands have a major impact on forest-dwellingvertebrates(2). These lands are well distributed throughout the state. Private land ownership accounts for approximately 40 percent of the statesforests(5). Of this private ownership, over half is in industrial ownership andthe rest is held mostly by small woodland owners(7). Since 1992 harvesting on federal lands has dropped sharply. In contrast,many industrial private lands are intensively managed(6). Oregon law requiresprompt replanting, and stands are often fertilized and thinned. This splitownership, in addition to diverse management practices on private lands,results in a wide range of habitat conditions. No species studied appears immediately threatened by forest practicesin Oregon(3). In fact, many species are abundant. While that finding appearshopeful, it does not ensure that these will not be future problems. Currentpractices may not be adequate to keep the present range of species in thefuture. While some species thrive in the habitat provided by younger foreststands, a considerable number of species either requires, or reproducesbetter, where large live trees, large cavities, and large pieces of downed woodare present. The Oregon Forest Practice Act currently requires that some trees beretained after harvest. But the question is: how much is enough? Will treesbeing retained be sufficiently distributed to meet the future habitat needs ofall vulnerable species? For example more than 60 species are associated withdowned wood such as; fallen decaying trees or logs, 14 of them considered atrisk(8). One species would be the rough skinned newt which live in and arounddecaying wood. Few studies to date have focused specifically on intensivelymanaged stands where old-growth characteristics, such as large snags andlarge pieces of decaying wood, are most likely to be in short supply. However,research is looking toward this need. Harvest levels in the future will likely be at least 40 percent below whatcould be cut on a sustainable level(1). Thats because of reduced exaggerationon timber production on federal lands. In the past, federal land provided halfthe states timber production, but in 1996 provided only 17 percent(2). That isthe lowest level since 1934, in the depths of the Great Depression. Anunderstanding of Oregons timberland and its importance to the stateseconomic and social well being, particularly in rural areas. .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .postImageUrl , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:hover , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:visited , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:active { border:0!important; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:active , .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0aa18c5b30b0a8de7140800980013ce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shark Conservation EssayIn Oregon, reforestation is mandatory and carefully spelled out in theOregon Forest Practice Act, which governs all management related activities inOregons privately owned forests. Private lands must be replanted within twoplanting seasons of harvest, and within six years of harvest, the site must becertified as free to grow, meaning the trees have topped the brush and cangrow successfully. If the replanting job fails, the state can compel compliancewith the act through civil penalties, including civil court action and fines of upto $5,000(3). More than 90 percent of harvested forested acres arereplanted to stocking levels that meet of exceed what i s legally required. So in order to help our forests, we need to continue with what is beingdone today. The hard work that is being put into saving the forests habitat,the streams, and the trees themselves may not show in the short-run but willhave dramatic effect in the long-run. Wood products remain an importantcomponent of Oregons robust economy and contribute to the long-awaiteddiversification of the states economy.

RankBrain Googles New Content Ranking Algorithm

In the early days of search engine optimization (SEO), website owners focused on keywords and phrases specific to key search engine queries. However, as Google continues to improve its algorithms to understand context and quality, focusing only on keywords is starting to decrease rather than increase website rankings. Recognized as a leading artificial intelligence (AI) technology company, Google recently announced a new ranking algorithm called RankBrain, which uses AI to return more precise results to its users. Out with Old SEO The common way website owners target search engine queries is to find related keywords and phrases used by potential customers. For instance, if your company sells widgets, a search engine user could search using the phrases â€Å"red widgets,† â€Å"widgets,† or even â€Å"red widgets on sale this month.† The longer phrase is referred to as a long-tail phrase. These long-tail phrases are less commonly requested, but a few thousand searches a month could bring in a few hundred leads. Using a list of several keyword phrases, a site owner could create articles and content that focused on these phrases. Writers were required to include them in certain areas of the content such as the first paragraph, title and subheaders. The idea was that Google gave more authority to sites that used specific keywords in certain sections of content. But constant focus on keyword phrases instead of on users’ interests caused an issue called keyword stuffing. Website developers were so focused on keyword phrases that their content was no longer readable. This became a huge issue with early SEO efforts and so Google was forced to create algorithms that detected keyword stuffing and devalued it. In time, Google fine-tuned its algorithms and released a large update named Panda. Panda helps Google’s algorithms find low-quality content and lower that site’s visibility. Panda made history for SEO, because site owners could no longer overlook quality and were forced to improve their content with emphasis placed on reader value. The Introduction of RankBrain Although Panda dramatically improved results for search queries, Google still had issues providing results for obscure requests. The company’s Hummingbird release was an attempt to better understand voice commands and is thought to be a catalyst for RankBrain. RankBrain attempts to better understand obscure queries and return results based on the context and readability of a website article, landing page or blog post. For instance, take the term â€Å"orange.† A user typing the word into Google could mean the color, the fruit or possibly a company or band. RankBrain attempts to understand what the user really wants whether it’s the fruit, the color or something else. The signals Google uses to understand user intention aren’t known. Google is very secretive about its algorithm’s quality signals, but the company continues to tell website owners to focus on users and not on bots. Still, it’s difficult for webmasters to let go of old SEO efforts that originally brought them high-volume traffic. RankBrain is currently being used for the 15% of search queries that have never before been requested. Since these queries aren’t used frequently, Google’s regular algorithms aren’t able to identify user intent or relevant results. RankBrain is therefore an attempt to remedy this problem and deliver optimized search results for these original requests. What Webmasters Should Know for On-Page SEO Google often tests its algorithm changes in the wild. If results are satisfactory, the company releases the algorithm change to affect all search engine results. For this reason, site owners should prepare for a major shift in search engine results with regard to long-tail phrases rarely used. The following are some rules to incorporate into your SEO strategy to avoid any unnecessary hits to your search engine rankings. Avoid Keyword Stuffing The first rule is to tailor your content for your readers. Having keyword phrases in mind while writing doesn’t hurt, but you shouldn’t focus solely on keywords. This leads to keyword stuffing and can trigger Google’s low-quality filters. Keyword density is a common SEO myth. Google has never endorsed a specific keyword density rule and the company has always said to focus on the user experience. When you only focus on keyword density, your content will likely suffer. The answer is to write content naturally and from an authoritative perspective. The writer should ideally be a subject matter expert making it easier to create unique, useful, quality content that generates backlinks and increases search engine rankings. Don’t Auto-Translate Content Having content in multiple languages can help drive traffic to your site from different countries. However, one common mistake is to use Google Translate or another online translator to convert content from one language to another. This often ends up backfiring when the translation is off and the content consequently appears butchered. For instance, if your content is in English and you want to target Spanish speakers, hire an English to Spanish translator to interpret the content for you, rather than attempt to use an unpredictable online translator. Google’s algorithms have gotten much better at detecting auto-translated content. Now when auto-translated content is detected, a filter is put on the site. In really bad translations, it can sometimes trigger manual review. When a Google reviewer determines that content is auto-translated, a site can either be completely removed from the index or artificially pushed down in the search engine results. Best Practices Google actively monitors site engagement; therefore, you should mainly focus on engaging your users to avoid poor search visibility. If you target phrases unrelated to your content on the page, your users are likely to bounce quickly once they see that the content is irrelevant. Google algorithms catch these behavior patterns and reduce the site’s visibility accordingly. With RankBrain, Google should be able to identify unrelated site content and phrases even easier. Site owners with good content shouldn’t be worried as long as you regularly reevaluate all site pages for quality and engagement. If content isn’t authoritative and well-written, it should be rewritten or removed. If you need help developing original quality content for your site look to the expert writers at Constant Content.

Elections, Bourgeois Democracy, and Development Essays

Elections, Bourgeois Democracy, and Development Essays Elections, Bourgeois Democracy, and Development Essay Elections, Bourgeois Democracy, and Development Essay Those who make peaceful change impossible, make violent change inevitable. To a very large extent, elections and electoral practices shape the fate of the modern nation state. The reason for this is not difficult to establish. Elections provide the medium, by which the deferent interest groups within the modern nation state can stake and resolve their claims to power through peaceful means. Elections therefore determine the manner and methods by which changes In the social order may be brought about. Where this method fails, individuals and groups may be left to their win means including assassinations, coup datasets, revolutions, insurgency and bush wars to press their claim to power. It is this fact more than any thing else that makes the subject of elections and electoral practices In Nigeria so crucial today. As we are aware, the controversial elections of 1965 produced the coup detat of January 1966. Again the flawed elections of 1983 produced the military coup of December 31, 1983. Finally, Bandages flawed elections of 1993 produced the Abaca palace coup of that year and paved the way to his memorable dictatorship. As we look now awards 2007 against the background of the failed elections of 2003 and 2004 the question naturally arises as to whether our country can arrive there in one piece or survive it in whatever form thereafter. In order to answer this question or suggest ways In which it can be answered so that we can arrive there, as one country with a renewed faith in the democratic process, there Is a need to examine the nature of elections and its place in furthering democracy and development in a bourgeois social order such as ours. 2. Elections. Bourgeois Democracy and Development Almost everywhere, the enlightened self-interest of the ruling class dictated that autocracy be replaced first by the classical form of democracy and that next, the classical form itself be replaced by Its liberal form within the context of representative democracy. This is not to say that members of the ruling class voluntarily, willingly and at their own initiative conceded the right of elections. Even in the Greek city state with which the classical idea of democracy is most closely associated, only free men could participate In the debates and therefore Influence the mode of governance of the city. Thus slaves were not allowed to participate In the debates as the Greek city was divided between the nobility and subjects and freemen and slaves. The emergence of bourgeois society, not only produced struggles to redefine the meaning but also the practice of democracy. From the bourgeois point of view, democracy becomes: OF 29 arriving at political, legislative and administrative decisions. It is a method by which the individual acquires the power to participate in decisions by means of a competitive struggle for the peoples vote.. It is the competition for votes that is the distinguishing character of the democratic method.. Further, democracy ensures: Meaningful and extensive competition among individuals and organized groups (especially political parties, either directly or indirectly, for the major positions of governmental power, a highly inclusive level of political participation in the selection of leaders and policies, least through regular and fair elections, such that no major (adult) social group is excluded, and a level of civil and political liberties freedom of expression, freedom of the press, freedom to form and Join organizations sufficient to ensure the integrity of political competition and articulation (Diamond, 1988:4) It can be seen that that the concept of elections or the vote and the processes associated with it are seen to lie at the heart of a system of representative democracy. The other elements are the guarantee of civil and political liberties and the existence of an institutional arrangement or government whose function it is to maintain the aforementioned elements throu gh, among other things, the rule of law. This is not the place to undertake a critique of the theoretical postulations and hence practical implications and applications of the bourgeois concept of democracy (we eave undertaken such a critique elsewhere Away, 1995). What is important is that elections play a crucial role in the bourgeois understanding of democracy and that the stability of the bourgeois order is premised upon the credibility of its elections. Further, this understanding has provided the benchmarks against which democratic and hence electoral practices have been measured in all bourgeois contexts in the world (Dye and Ziegler, 1971). As an index of the culture of politics in a context, these benchmarks also indicate that the integrity of the electoral process has major implications for the level of economic ND social development that are possible or attainable in that context (Family, Jay and Webby, 2003). As Aka (2001: 1-6) has pointed out, that both the failure of development and the failure to put development on the agenda in Africa are largely attributable to political conditions. One of these more salient conditions is the conception of politics as Warfare by the politically active segment of the ruling class. The implication of this however is that there is a recursive relationship between political practices as engendered by the political system and development. A political ultra that is defined by violence makes development impossible because by its very nature, such a political culture is destructive of the need and motivation for achievement. A culture of elections that is marked by violence and warfare is thus totally anathema to the possibilities of development. As Kooky (2003:vii) has pointed out in Do the Votes Count? Final Report of the 2003 General Elections in Nigeria: Elections are a complex set of activities with different variables that act and feed on one another. It can be defined as a formal act of collective decision that occurs in a treat of connected antecedent and subsequent behavior. It involves the participation of the people in the act of electing their leaders and their own participation in governance. Elections are not necessarily about Election Day activities although it forms an important component. It encompasses activities before, during and after elections. It includes the legal and constitutional framework of elections, the registration of political parties, party campaigns, the activities of the electronic and print media in terms of access; it includes campaign financing, the activities of the security agencies and the government in power. It includes the authenticity and genuineness of the voters register; it includes the independence or lack of it of electoral agencies and organs. It includes the liberalism or otherwise of the political process in the country and the independence of adjudicating bodies of elections. An examination of the character of elections in Nigeria must thus deal with these issues, not simply in a theoretical sense but more in terms of the way in which they have functioned over the period. It is particularly important in this regard that such an examination deals with not one but all elections that have occurred in the context n order to discover underlying dynamics and thus to be sure that in suggesting the way forward, it deals, not with symptoms but with causes. For this reason we shall examine elections and electoral practices in Nigeria in four phases. These will be: v Elections in the colonial period v Elections in the first ears of independence v Elections during the years of military rule and autocracy v Elections under civilian regimes in between the years of military rule and autocracy 3. Elections in the Period of colonial rule A number of elections were held in Nigeria in the colonial period. These elections Egan with the legislative councils in Lagos and Callback from 1922 (Kernel, 2003). The growth of the labor movement and the development of towns led to concessions by colonial authorities that culminated in these city and legislative council elections. By 1938, for example, the Nigerian Youth Movement, an organization that was hostile to British colonial interests in Lagos in particular and Nigeria in general was able to win three out of the four available seats in the city council elections. In the same year, it also won all three legislative seats in the legislative council elections. Several other elections took place between 1951 and institution of the same year, the 1954 elections took place under the new Federal Constitution. Whereas all constitutions up to 1954 limited the right of elections to certain members of the population, the Federal Constitution granted universal adult suffrage. In the book, British Administration in Nigeria: 1900-1950 A Nigerian View, John has provided a graphic account of the motives for and electoral practices of the period. In the 1951 and subsequent elections for example, the British colonialists worked assiduously to tilt the political scale in favor of the Northern Peoples Congress (NP). Coordinated by Sir Bryan who was to become the Lieutenant Governor and Governor of Northern Nigeria during the crucial run off period to flag independence, these efforts ensured that the genuine pro-democracy forces in the country did not acquire political power. For example, Sir Bryan confessed that in the elections of 1951, he not only helped to prepare Naps manifesto, slogans and strategies but that in the case of more than a dozen, I had to hold and guide the pen hand, after cajoling from them the names of those for whom they wished to vote. He also confessed to election manipulations even in areas where Muslims were in a minority so that the Northern Peoples Congress could win 90% of the votes. Commenting on the 1951 elections and Sir Brans role in it, John (1974:331) has observed that: An American scholar has described Sir Brans account of the 1951 elections in Kane over which the latter presided, as revealing as it is obtuse. Sir Bryan became, in the last ten years of his Northern Nigeria service the chief pillar of the administrative establishment in that part of the country. Under him and his other British associates in power, the defense of the status quo became much more than an official preoccupation. In the face of the threats from within the North represented by such lunatic fringe anti-British parties as the Northern Elements Progressive Union and the Middle Zone League, and represented from without by such parties as the Action Group or the National Council of Nigeria and Cameroon, the British residents decided to throw their weight in support of the fledging Northern Peoples Congress, the only party in Northern Nigeria dedicated to the preservation of the status quo. The 1951 elections to the regional legislature, conducted under the McPherson constitution, were conducted with the resident of ACH province as the chief electoral officer. Sir Bryan was the Resident of Kane province at this time, a province which had to select twenty of the ninety seats of the new Northern House of Assembly. This pattern of electoral practices was repeated in the subsequent post 1951 elections. Against the background of the Richards and McPherson constitutional provisions which stipulated that 50% of the seats in Parliament be reserved for the Northern part of the country, it is not surprising that the Northern Peoples Congress assumed control of political power at flag independence in 1960. In effect, the manipulation of the electoral process by the British ensured as Chief Anthony Narrow (1985:21 ,22) has succinctly observed, that Nigeria became the only country in the entire history of the anti-colonial struggles of our time in which those who of meeting the challenges of independence The truth of the matter, which determined efforts to falsify history cannot forever conceal, is that the nationalists who were prepared to work, to fight, to risk, to dare to die if need be so that a new and democratic nation might be born, these people lost control of the situation and ere displaced or succeeded by those who had remained untouched by the unifying and modernizing flames of the new nationalism When independence came in the fullness of time, neither the goodwill of progressive forces Or our trade unions, nor our youth could prevent the inevitable course of events when those who were least disposed towards democracy became the official guardians our fledging democracy. 4 Elections in the first years of independence: 1960 1965 Three sets of elections were held in the period from 1960 1965. These were the elections in the newly reared Midwest Region in February 1964, the Federal elections of December 1964 and the Regional elections of 1965. The prelude to the December 1964 Federal elections was provided by the census exercise and the creeping crisis in the Western Region from 1962 onwards. The census results released in March 1961 had shown that the South had a higher population than the North. As the time of the Federal elections approached, the Bale NP government not only cancelled the 1961 census results but also slated a recount for 1963. Then Just before the elections in 1964, the new census results were released. The results declared that the North had 55% of the population of the country. For the NCSC which had gone into alliance with NUMB, NINEPIN and its old adversary, the GAG to form the United Progressive Alliance and therefore hoped to win the Federal elections because it anticipated the census results to revalidated the 1961 results, and because it was already in control of virtually three out of the four Regions in the federation, the census figures provided the last straw in a litany of pre-election measures by the NP government that were aimed at frustrating the opposition. Demagogy (1981:19) recounts that: .. As the elections approached, the NP government of the North did not hesitate to frustrate the PUPS candidates in the North, so that many of them could not file in their nomination papers. Hence, before the elections, sixty-seven NP candidates had been declared elected unopposed. That did not go down well with the PUPS leadership who called for an immediate postponement of the elections. But the Below Government rejected the idea of postponement. Thereupon, the PUPS led by Dry. Spark, the Premier of the Eastern Region, called for a mass boycott of the election by its supporters. Again, the Below government ordered the election to go ahead in spite of the boycott. Thus, the elections of December 1964 turned out to be a farce. It was completely boycotted in the Eastern Region, where the NCSC Government used its powers to ensure that no election was held. It was also partly boycotted in the West, North, Mid-West and Lagos, with the effect that the election results lacked credit and were nationally unacceptable. However, while the PUPS rejected them, the NP and its allies of the ANA, which single-handedly carried out the elections, accepted them. There followed a national stalemate. Farcical. Although the people clearly rejected the Okinawa government at the polls and voted massively for the GAG opposition party, the Okinawa government publicly (interfered) with the results of the elections. In very many cases, GAG candidates who held certificates that they were duly elected in their constituencies later heard their names mentioned as defeated candidates through governmental news media (Demagogy, 1981:21-22). These developments, including the simmering TIP revolt in the Middle Belt, the political impasse at the centre, the resulting mass revolt in the Western Region by the people who felt rightly that they had been cheated at he polls set the stage for the first military coup of January 15, 1966. 5. Elections during the years of military rule and autocracy The military rulers conducted three elections during their period of misrule. These were (I) the elections of 1979, under the first coming of Bassoon, the 1992-1993 elections under General Bandaging and the 1999 elections under General Abdominal Babushka. Commenting on these elections, especially on the first and the last, the EX. Election Group, which monitored the 2003 elections has suggested that, the most free, fair and peacefully conducted elections in Nigeria were those in 1959, 979, 1993 and 1999, and the most chaotic, violent and disputed were those in 1964 and 1983. The reason for this is that the first three were transition elections in which the regimes in power and responsible for organizing the elections had to hand over power to a democratic civilian regime. So, in 1959 the British colonial regime wanted a smooth transfer of power to Nigerian self-government, in 1979 the military government of General Bassoon viewed itself as an interim fixture to ensure stability and then hand over to elected officials, in 1993 a combination of internal and external pressure forced General Bandaging to organism the elections and in 1999, after the disastrous rule of General Abaca the military had no political credibility and wanted only to disengage as quickly as possible. In contrast, the other elections can be viewed as potential consolidation elections, in which an elected civilian government was responsible for organizing elections to hand over power to a successor regime. The failure of these elections to consolidate democracy (each led in fact to disruption and eventually a return to military rule) was due to the elegance of the incumbent regime to allow a level playing field, in case they lost their grip on power. Both the assessment of these elections and the reasons advanced for the Judgment are greatly at variance with the historical facts, some of which we have already provided. The assessment is also greatly flawed by the assumption that voter behavior on voting day is indicative of the fairness and peacefulness of elections. The colonial and military regimes were rooted in force and repression. Thus arrangements for voting were also highly militarisms. The 1993 elections, for example, reduced the 12 2/3 controversy, which the Bassoon military regime resolved in favor of its interests. The elections of 1992-1993 were frequently delayed, cancelled, postponed and adjusted to produce a result predetermined by the military. In the annulled by General Bandaging on the excuse that the military was uncomfortable with them. The 1999 election results were also predetermined. Acting in concert with neo-colonial and imperialist interests, the dominant coalition within the local ruling class drafted General Bassoon into a political process that ended with him being declared the winner of the process. All these processes occurred with flawed electoral rules, without legitimate and valid constitutions, with electoral agencies under the firm Jackboots of military rulers. Thus it was public knowledge that Professor Henry Knows who replaced Proof. Away as head of Bandages electoral agency was brutalized by security agents on account of the fact that he dared in 1993 to announce some of the authentic results. In 1993 as in 1999, the political parties were the creatures of the military despots. They were, as the late Chief Bola leg characterized them, all leprous fingers on the same leprous hand. 6. Elections under civilian regimes from 1983 onwards From 1983 onwards, three sets of elections were conducted under the civilian regimes. These were the general elections of 1983 under the She Shari NP government, the general elections of 2003 and the local government elections of 2004 under General Bassoon. In the 1983 elections, the ruling NP government perpetrated all sorts of electoral atrocities. The voting process, voter registration, and actual votes cast were all grossly distorted. To produce the so-called landslides, moonshines and bandwagon effects, the order of elections was reversed and voters sisters inflated. For example, whereas the order of elections provided that the Presidential elections be held last, the NP government decided that these elections would come first. In Mandrake, a suburb of Fife, voter registration Jumped from an original 26,000 voters to 250,000 thus making the voting population there more than the voting population of the whole of Fife. Indeed, at the national level, the Federal Electoral Commission (FEEDER) announced that voter registration had increased from 1971 to in 1983. This was in spite of the fact that the 1979 figures had indeed been considered to be highly inflated. FEEDER and the state owned mass media became willing and active accomplices in the electoral frauds perpetrated by the NP government in power. For example, FEEDER played an active role in deepening the crisis that engulfed such opposition parties as the Peoples Redemption Party (PR) and Great Nigeria Peoples Party (GNP). It also selectively accorded recognition and hence registration to political parties that would weaken the opposition to the NP government. The state owned media equally crude partisanship in playing its role. The Nigeria Television Authority (ANTA) became, in effect, the campaign mouthpiece of the NP overspent as it bandied around slogans that were meant to intimidate the opposition and assure victory for the NP government in power. The NP government also intimidated political opponents. Alkali Shabby was deported from the country on the ridiculous grounds that he was not a Nigerian. The Nigerian Police was equally used to intimidate the opposition. Thus armored vehicles were and were subsequently used by the police to perpetrate massive electoral frauds. Not surprisingly, the results of the elections were rejected by the opposition parties and the ensuing crisis provided the context for the military to stage another coup on December 31, 1983. The final elections by a civilian government were the general elections of 2003 and the Local government elections of 2004. Conducted under the Bassoon government, these elections (including the various party primaries) will go down in history as the most fraudulent and equal only to a coup detat against the people. All commentaries on the 2003 and 2004 elections except those from the PDP government in power are unanimous in their verdict that all aspects of the elections were fraudulent. The following excerpts from the Report by the Transition Monitoring Group are indicative of the general texture of the 2003 elections: Twenty-nine of the registered political parties that either contested or did not contest the elections have variously rejected the results as announced by the NICE declaring the results as fraudulent. Both Domestic and International Election Observers documented massive irregularities that characterized the elections and refused to endorse the elections as free and fair. Some political parties and their candidates decided to challenge some of the results before the various Election Petition tribunals and have gone ahead to do so while others declared mass action to pressure a government without popular mandate to abdicate power. It is now historical reality that no electoral instrument in the history of Nigeria has been so challenged and so thoroughly discredited like the electoral Act 2001. Its replacement, the Electoral Act 2002 has also had its own fair share of controversy and nobody can now say with certainty whether the operative law is the Electoral Act 2001 or 2002 Act. What we have is a situation where the political gladiators sought to use the instrumentality of any documents which best served their personal advantage, creating an uncertainty in the electoral process. It is self evident that elements within the political class and the different political arties drawing from their experiences during the 1998 voters registration process perfected the art of rigging the 2003 elections. The full import of their actions dawned on the country when NICE on its own excluded millions of names from the voters register. From the report of Domestic election Observers during the 2003 elections, there are so many voters cards that are still in the hands of ghost and underage voters. Those who sought to corrupt the electoral process used those cards effectively and to their advantage during the three strands of elections conducted by EN-C. During the elections, the Nigerian people trooped out in large numbers to cast their votes. In fact, during the registration of voters, most state governments threatened residents of their various states with sanctions if they did not go out to repeated the same feat during the National Assembly and Presidential / Gubernatorial elections. They demonstrated patriotism and resilience. In some states, gunmen tried to chase them away from polling stations. In other states, political thugs simply made away with the ballot boxes and or stuffed the ballot boxes with unlawful votes. Yet again, in some states, ghost and under age voters kook the centre stage while in others, community leaders and other leaders of thought did the voting on behalf of their communities. While the voters waited and persevered in the polling stations to cast their votes, the political class and the political parties had different ideas. The voters wanted their votes to determine the winner of elections while the political class wanted to corrupt the process and rig their way into elective offices. Besides the electoral malpractices and irregularities that characterized the elections in some states, other issues combined to undermine the process. The political parties on whose shoulders Estes voter education and manipulation simply abandoned the duty to civil society groups and organizations. Party agents had to do the voting on behalf of the voters while in other places, security agents assisted those who could not identify the symbol of the parties they intended to vote for. NICE contributed its own fair share of electoral problems. The lack of clearly designated compartments for thumb printing undermined the secrecy of the vote and exposed the voters to the machinations of those that would have preferred community voting. NICE also did not make adequate arrangements for the remonstration of sensitive election materials to polling stations and to collation centers. Result sheets disappeared and re-appeared in different forms at collation centers while corrupt party agents simply sold unused ballot papers to the highest bidder. Following the reversal of the process for the order of the elections by NICE, voters deserted the State House of Assembly elections. Thus no real voting took place in these elections although winners emerged from the process These massive electoral frauds so demoralized the public that by 2004 when the Local Government elections took place, the governments in power simply allocated toes to candidates as they wished. All the elections were characterized by threats of, or, actual assassination of political opponents. The security agencies either simply stood by while these crimes were being committed or took active part in facilitating electoral frauds in order to assist the government in power. Thus in many instances, political candidates who did not stand for elections were returned as having won elections. These events were helped by others, notably; multiple, ghost and underage voting, violence, intimidation and harassment, stuffing of ballot boxes, stealing and eying votes, disruption of polls, absence of electoral officers, intimidation of election observers, and Justification of rigging by the President, Governors, ministers and party officials. TM, 2003). 7 Common Features of Nigerian Elections the period, elections in Nigeria have shared a number of common characteristics. First, they have been particularly characterized by massive frauds, the intimidation of political opponents and controversy. The governments in power have had their own designs and used the instruments of the state in penetrating electoral brigandage, tougher, violence and warfare. Secondly, while there has been continuity in violence and warfare, there has been lack of continuity in the political organizations through which both violence and warfare have been conducted. Each period has thus produced new political formations reflecting not only the penchant for lack of principle and shifting allegiance among members of the political class but also the total De-idealization of the issues on which members of the class were divided into antagonistic camps. For example, the major political parties in the 1951 1966 period were the NP, the NCSC and the GAG. Between 1979 and 1983, the major political arties in the field became the NP, UPON and NP. Between 1987 and 1993, the members of the political class were herded into the NRC and the SAD. During Bachs Vicarage assisted ill-fated self-succession bid, the two herds metamorphosed into the famous five leprous fingers on the same leprous hand. Between 1999 and 2003, the five leprous fingers changed major into the PDP, AD and the KNAP. Thirdly, what is striking about this pattern of lack of continuity in the political platforms used by members of the political class to compete for power is not simply that the names of the platforms keep changing; it is rather that there is simply no tatter to the way in which members of the class change their political allegiance. This situation assumed such tragic proportions in the 2003 elections that an individual politician could and did change party membership three of four times on the same day. Over the years, this shifting political allegiance has meant that there has been no tradition of party building among members of the political class. Fourthly, the sudden shifts and turns in political commitments and orientations have meant that the parties have not been defined by ideological positions that set them apart from each other. And yet, such defining and at the same time limiting ideologies are crucial to the development of a genuine political culture for several reasons. First, they indicate the overall direction of development favored by the different sections of the political class. They thus enable the electorate to make informed choices. Secondly, they permit reforms within the political parties themselves as the constant interaction between the favored ideology and reality creates a permanent tension towards change and realignment of the different components of the ideology. In the process, the parties change and become more need to the demands of society. Thirdly and perhaps most importantly, they prevent the seizure of the centre stage of political action and practice by calculations based on primordial and potentially divisive political orientations. Indeed, one clear consequence of the absence of an ideologically driven political competition among the political elite in Nigeria is the resort to ethnicity as the primary credential for qualifying for the stake to power. The practice not only reinforces primordial divisions; as a result of this fact, it also prevents the emergence of a national consciousness and national identity.

Pros and cons to being friends with your boss

Pros and cons to being friends with your boss In a perfect world, since you spend such a large chunk of your life at work, you’d be friends with all of your colleagues. But when it comes to your manager, lines can be difficult to define. No matter how well you get along and how chill your office is, becoming besties with your boss isn’t always in the cards. That’s not necessarily a bad thing though- there are pros and cons to turning that professional relationship into a friendly, personal one. Pro:  Congratulations! You just made a new friend!Well, this one’s pretty obvious. It’s the pro of making friends with, well, anyone. Making friends is great! It’s always nice to have someone new to chat with and lean on for support in times of stress. If you and a coworker click well and have a great rapport and lots in common, who cares if that someone happens to be your boss?Con:  Constructive criticism becomes complicatedOne downside to having a buddy as a boss is that he or she might be l ess inclined to give you negative feedback when you’re not working up to your full potential. And sometimes you really need that criticism. Offering constructive criticism is often a key aspect of a boss’s job, but if she or he feels uncomfortable giving any for fear that it might damage a friendship, you’ll keep making the same mistakes over and over again and fail to grow professionally.Pro: Knowing your boss as a friend means knowing what your boss needsBefriending your boss is not just beneficial on a personal level. Believe it or not, it can actually make you better at your job. If you know your boss as a friend, you have a better understanding of your boss’s personality and needs. Knowing a boss inside and out makes any employee a better one.Con: Worlds colliding can be toughLeaving work behind when you walk out the office door is healthy. That will be a lot harder to do when you’re meeting up with your boss during your free time. Conversatio ns may veer back toward work issues. Over cocktails, your boss might even start picking your brain about other employees who aren’t pulling their weight, and that’s when issues of betrayal can arise and things can get really sticky from 9 to 5. Also, your boss may also learn things about your personal life that could come back and bite you at work.Pro: You’re less likely to get in troubleBeing friends with the boss isn’t just a pro in times of plenty. It can also be a real benefit when things go awry. If you mess up at work- and who doesn’t from time to time- you might be less likely to get chewed out if the chewer has plans to go to the movies with you this weekend.Con: Here come the accusations of favoritismYour relationship with your boss can get a bit weird if the two of you become friends, but just think of what it will do with your relationship with the other employees! First of all, they’ll probably get a little wary whenever you get a promotion or a raise, wondering if you got that benefit on merit or because the boss likes hanging out with you. Your co-workers might start making accusations of favoritism, which often leads to†¦Con: You May alienate your peers†¦being on the outs with your office peers. Becoming really tight with the one in charge can do a lot of damage to your relationship with your co-workers. If they think you’re getting preferential treatment, they won’t just accuse you of receiving favoritism- they won’t want anything to do with you, or in worst case scenarios, they may actively work against you.The bottom line? Tread carefully when it comes to bonding with your boss on a personal level. There may be some superficial pros that come with it, but the cons can be pretty serious.

Chinese Communist Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chinese Communist Party - Essay Example This country has several more amazing features. The land contains nearly 9.57 million square kilometers of which mountains occupy about one-third, numerous liquid flowing paths where one measures nearly three thousand miles called the Yangtze, and steppe as well as deserts. Not to forget a dazzling 1.3 billion inhabitants (Farah 124-129). The country went through horrible times during which Chinese citizens were suffering of starvation, anguish, and the outcome was death upon innocent beings. The main cause of this ordeal was a man who contributed to the change of the Republic of China. This intelligent but mad communist brought the concept of Communism to the third largest country of the world and that is no other than Mao Zedong (a great fan of Marx theory of communism) or rather say:" scientific socialism".(Wikipedia: free encyclopedia) Although under a totally different concept of living, China is a well respected and a highly productive industrial nation. Forty-eight million representatives make up the* CCP 1today. The CCP functions in a completely different way because authority does not only control politics, but also it reaches deep into the lives of the Chinese (Farah 220). Many reside in agricultural sections where food and crops are produced. Work-strength depends on human and animal force, but nowadays farmers are able to purchase efficient tools (Farah 221). Since its founding in 1921, the Chinese Communist Party gradually expanded its guiding principles to incorporate the philosophical musings of Russia's Vladimir Lenin as well as homegrown revolutionaries Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. The party has traveled a long ideological path from its Marxist roots to its present struggle to maintain its relevance in China's modern and increasingly capitalistic society. Now the whole world looks at it as a country whose scale dwarfs the United States-1.3 billion people, four times America's population. For more than a hundred years it was dreams of this magnitude that fascinated small groups of American missionaries and businessmen-1 billion souls to save; 2 billion armpits to deodorize-but it never amounted to anything. China was very big, but very poor, all that has changed totally. But now the very size and scale that seemed so alluring is beginning to look ominous. And Americans are wondering whether the "China threat" is nightmarishly real. China is now the world's largest producer of coal, steel and cement, the second largest consumer of energy and the third largest importer of oil, which is why gas prices are soaring. China's exports to the United States have grown by 1,600 percent over the past 15 years, and U.S. exports to China have grown by 415 percent. All these figures are so thrilling to here. At the height of the Industrial Revolution, Britain was called "the workshop of the world." That title surely belongs to China today. It manufactures two thirds of the world's copiers, microwave ovens, DVD players and shoes. China's rise is no longer a prediction. It is a fact. It is already the world's fastest-growing

Process vs. Non-Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process vs. Non-Process - Research Paper Example Taking a hint from this real life example, the concept of process innovation needs to be analyzed in a broader context. There is no need to say much about the fact that HTML5 is the latest technology that offers much new in the area of extending mobile platform choices to the companies and consumers (Lee, 2012). Yet, the biggest problem in adapting to this new technology is the need to customize and adapt their operations and research initiatives to benefit from the competitive advantage that a shift to HTML5 mobile platforms offers. In that context the HTML5 debate has exposed a hitherto much ignored fact. When it comes to process versus non-process industries, it is a fact that ideally speaking there exists nothing like a non-process industry (Skinner, 1992). The only difference between a process and non-process industry is that in a non-process industry, the operations consist of multiple unwieldy and least synchronized processes, which are least capable of extending a strategic a dvantage to a company against its competitors (Skinner, 1992). However, the other thing that needs to be taken into consideration is that new advances in technology may push a company from being process driven to being a non-process company, in a relative if not an absolute sense. The biggest revolution that the web based products and services have come across is the concept of computing going mobile. This created a dire need for the research in technologies that are compatible with and support mobile computing. In the last 10 years the world of mobile platforms has moved from a domination of the few like Windows Mobile and RIM Blackberry, to an invasion of many new platforms. In that context, there is no doubt that HTML5 stands to be the lowest common denominator, when it comes to developing mobile browsers. Still, many companies are raising a noise about shifting to HTML5 based mobile platforms, because it necessitates the requisite innovations in the processes underlying their pr oducts and services. There are varied reasons why the companies pushed from the status of being process companies to non-process companies owing to a failure to incorporate and adapt to HTML5 in the processes underlying their businesses tend to be hesitant. One important factor is that there exists a schism between the managers and technology personnel governing these companies (Skinner, 1992). While the management driven executives are still sticking to the old paradigms justifying augmentation of sales by resorting to marketing and financial gimmicks, considering the high risk involved in opting for HTML5 oriented process innovations, the technology experts tend to be averse to suggest such changes, fearing possible fallout on their careers. Besides, the requisite process innovations necessitate a long term financial and planning related commitment on the part of the companies, which is difficult to contrive, as evinced by the Facebook experience (Skinner, 1992). Then there are co mpanies which are waiting for their competitors to innovate, while mulling over immense financial savings by adapting to these innovations at a later stage

Comparison of the Gospels :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When you think of Sabbath, you think of a holy day, a day of rest and relaxation for both man and animals. The word Sabbath comes from the Hebrew word meaning â€Å"day of rest†. The Sabbath day is God’s day of relaxation after he finished the creation of the earth. Matthew, Mark, and Luke each tell about the Sabbath dispute, but each gospel tells their story differently. Matthew chapter 12 begins with Jesus walking through the cornfields with his disciples when they became hungry. Because of their hunger, they plucked ears of corn and began to eat. The Pharisees disagreed with them doing this, not because they were eating someone else’s corn but for doing it on the Sabbath. They complained to their master about them doing what was against the law on the Sabbath (v 5). Jesus came to his disciples’ defense by referring to two incidents. The first incident is of David, where he and his followers ate bread that was for priest only. (v 3-4). The other incident is of the priest where they break the Sabbath by working proving that they could break one law to keep another, so Jesus could violate the Sabbath law in the interests of the Kingdom of God (v 5). He then argues that if the temple service would justify what the priests did, then the disciples doing what they did would be justified much more because they were in presence with him (v 6). Jesus goes on to say that God will have sympathy and not sacrifice meaning he will not criticize those who are not at fault. Finally, he states that â€Å"the Son of Man is lord of the Sabbath† meaning that he instituted the Sabbath because he is the Son of Man. Mark, on the other hand, is parallel to Matthew. The first difference is that Matthew says they plucked ears of corn when Mark states that they plucked heads of grain (v 23). The Pharisees for a second time want to know why they are doing what is unlawful to do on the Sabbath. Jesus defends his disciples again and gives the same example of David that Matthew did but there is a slight difference. Mark tells who the high priest is whereas Matthew says does not reveal who he is. Mark additionally states whom the Sabbath is for. By this, he said that the Sabbath was made for humankind and not humankind made for Sabbath (v 27).

Indentured Servitude in Virginia Essay

In some European countries including England some of the poor and many laborers were brought to the English colonies by way of ships to work on the farms within these colonies. Because of such an immense amounts of Tobacco crops being planted on these farms, a great deal of blood and sweat was needed for the cultivation of these crops. These poor workers were enticed by the idea of a new and better life in America. By the hiring of Indentured servants, the planters would have a greater chance of gaining economic success. Once the indenture (contract) was up the servants would also possibly receive â€Å"freedom dues† which appeared to be a ‘win, win’ on both sides. Unfortunately, this was seldom the case. The year is 1623 and Richard Frethorne has written a letter about his life as an indentured servant just three months after arriving to the colony. As we can see from the author’s narrative, Virginia of 1623 was a different place from England. It was the first permanent English settlement in the new world (Jamestown). This land of marsh like consistency and vast forests contained some hostile Native Americans, (pirates, and rogues who could and did attack at any time). Subsequently these Indians resisted slavery; they protected their homeland and way of life. The tone of the author is one of humility and despair. Being from England he has never imagined the lifestyle of the indentured servant, which is literally a life just a step above a slave. The difference being that a slave was considered personal property as was an indentured servant however, an indentured servant was only a servant for a specified time and a slave was slave for life. Mr. Frethorne has been brought to the point of begging and at the same time he is trying to inform his parents of the life he is  living which is simply the lowest form of existence. He describes death and disease like scurvy and dysentery all around him. There is such an ache in his belly (hunger), he misses England terribly, he’s feeling isolated, his fellow shipmates are dying at such an alarming rate and these are only some of the things Mr. Frethorne is fighting against. His reasons for leaving home and becoming and indentured servant are not explained but, it is clear that he did not mak e the best life choice. Without capital Mr. Frethorne found himself in a predicament he could not get out of without help. Richard Frethorne is disillusioned, sad and confused. Even knowing the reason for his current state, Richard longs for a better life or at least to have enough to eat for now. He explains to his parents trying to get them to understand what he is experiencing he states â€Å"You would be grieved if you did know as much as I do†. His diet is extremely poor, only consisting of water gruel (which he later calls it loblollie) and a mouthful of bread and beef. He writes that his meal in England for one day is more than what he eats in a week as a servant. His situation is precarious and back breaking work along with almost total famine have resulted in weakness of body and spirit. Mr. Frethorne describes the fear he has of the Indians coming again & again for they have already fought with them and made slaves of two of them. The daily fear Richard Frethorne exhibits is palpable as he tries to communicate this as best he can to his parents while trying to give them a complete view of his life. The plantation is very weak and the numbers of the original group are quickly dwindling because of such hellacious living conditions. He states â€Å"there are only 32 to fight against 3000, if they (rogues) should come† and the closest help is at least 10 miles away. He also states the last time they came, 80 people were killed. This would scare the begeezus out of anyone, so his belief that GOD can protect and save everyone, gives him some solace. Coming from a family that was not at all wealthy but were at least more comfortable, he begs for help in the form of food. There is nothing to comfort Mr. Frethorne and he sees no future improvement. He also informs his parents of the people he calls his friends, the Jacksons. He calls them â€Å"godly folks† who have loved him and protected  during various times, especially when the servants would come to Jamestown. He is quite descriptive of the daily routine, no matter the weather while in Jamestown and if not for Goodman Jackson, his situation would surely be worse off than it is. With no money to purchase his needs they have stepped into help. Having no clothing except for 2 rags that are used for shirts, one poor suit (that he claims is well guarded to keep it from being stolen), a pair of shoes, socks and two bands (collars) Richard Frethorne writes to his father saying, â€Å"if you love me you will redeem me suddenly , for which I entreat and beg†. He is truly in dire need. (Frethorne) (ushistory.org/us/5b.asp Indentured Servants)Richard Frethorne closes his letter by asking his parents anything they can send will be greatly appreciated as he informs them of what can be sent and what is best. He lets his father know what will happen in case of his death and ask to not forget him, â€Å"but have mercy and pity my miserable case†. He sends his love and regard to his family as well as, the Jacksons.

Case Study Medical Ethics - 3528 Words

Case Study: Medical Ethics The case scenario in question verily presents a mind boggling situation. We are introduced to an intelligent woman of a credible forty years of age, suffering from a painful neurological affliction. As explained, her condition, the Gullian-Barnes syndrome, undermines the quality of her life greatly, by tremendously restricting her ability to move or to even so much as breathe on her own. Ms Katherine depends upon life support and her paralysis has rendered her bodily functions negligible. Furthermore, the chances of her recovering from the said condition have been told to become rather bleak. The case study then transcends into the core of the predicament at hand, as Ms Katherine is content with the idea of informed consent to perform Euthanasia. On the surface this case study is a singular decision taken by an educated woman to steer her life in whichever direction she sees fit. However, this request of hers raises moral and ethical arguments that have been thriving for as long as the medical profession itself. In order to understand the gravity of her situation and what she has sought, we must first breakdown her request into key points in order for us to understand its magnitude. According to Vaibhav Goel, in his article Euthanasia A Dignified End of Life Euthanasia is defined as, the intentional killing by act or omission of a human being for his or her alleged benefit. (Goel, 2008) Viewing the case study in accordance with thisShow MoreRelatedMedical Ethics Case Study Paper2077 Words   |  9 PagesRunning head: Medical Ethics Case Study on Medical Records Administrator 1 Medical Ethics Case Study on Medical Records Administrator Melody Hambright MO 215-8: Ethics and Health Information Management Alana Stephens, Instructor Herzing University April 22, 2012 Running head: Medical Ethics Case Study on Medical Records Administrator 2 Abstract Medical Records Administrators and health information professionals’ roles are intimatelyRead MoreMedical Ethics Case Study Essay1948 Words   |  8 PagesMedical Ethics Case Study Introduction Professionals in every field are always confronted with some kind of ethical issues. It has however been noted that these ethical issues become high in magnitude and extent when public officials are involved. Due to the involvement of human life, an industry like healthcare holds ethics in highest regard. Even though these healthcare practitioners are highly trained to deal with issues of these kinds, their decisions can sometimes have a lasting impact on theirRead MoreMedical Ethics Case Study: Nurse Jerry McCall870 Words   |  3 PagesJerry has been trained as a medical assistant and well as LPN or licensed practical nurse. Having an occupation as being a medical assistant is regulated loosely in the U.S. In addition, many states lack medical assistant certification and training requirements. It may be surprising that licensing for medical assistants does not exist. Despite inconsistent regulation, every state mandates by law that whenever a medical assistant provides any type of direct patient care, the supervising physicianRead MoreBiomedical Ethics : A Study Of The Line Between God And Medicine1611 Words   |  7 PagesBiomedical Ethics: A Study of the Line Between God and Medicine During the years of 1975 and 1976, a Supreme Court Case was fought that changed the world of biomedical ethics. On April 14, 1975, twenty-one-year-old Karen Quinlan experienced severe brain damage after ingesting a combination of narcotics and alcohol. Shortly after this, she lost consciousness and quit breathing for two periods of fifteen minutes each The young woman’s doctors declared her brain dead due to the irreversible trauma thatRead MoreBioethics in Medicine, Exemplified by the Karen Ann Quinlan Case882 Words   |  4 Pagesthe questions of: (i) just allocation of scarce medical resource, health care (ii) the nature of â€Å"being†, and (iii) the proper purpose of medicine. The main issues that caused the emergence, or the study and introduction of bioethics was the introduction of modern technology in medicine in the form of respirators and artificial heart machines. The media attention to the Karen Ann Quinlan case made the issues public. The Karen Ann Quinlan case serves as a perfect example of these new issuesRead MoreProfessional Practice Issues Of Health Care Essay1072 Words   |  5 Pagesin Health Care - Ethics Introduction Medical ethics play a huge role in the health care industry. A crucial part of a health care professional s role is to apply appropriate ethical guidelines into clinical settings. Due to its importance there is unlimited amount of references available in different forms regarding to this specific topic, however, the quality, reliability and relevance of each reference can remain questioned and requires further consideration. In this study three different typesRead MoreEthics And The Medical Field Using Tissue Ownership Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesbecoming a large public topic that lead to the creation of â€Å"do not resuscitate† orders and hospice care centers (Cassell 2000). This paper attempts to provide a better understanding of ethics and its relationship to the medical field using tissue ownership to demonstrate how bio-medical ethical debates arise. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with values concerning human conduct. These values help cultures determine what actions are appropriate and inappropriate and which motives of suchRead MoreHistory Of American Medical Ethics825 Words   |  4 Pages While the history of American medical ethics dates back four centuries (Baker, 2013), it is critical to differentiate between what was strictly medical ethics; the ethics between physician and patient, physician and physician, and physician and community versus bioethics: all of the aforementioned with the addition of scientific research involving human subjects â€Å"†¦in reaction to researchers’ exploitation of vulnerable populations, most notably the 399 African-American males deceived into servingRead MoreWgu Paper1509 Words   |  7 PagesCase Study on Ethics Jennifer Flathers Western Governors University Registered nurses have a moral and legal responsibility to uphold a patient’s rights in relation to their personal health care. An important nursing standard of practice speaks to the registered nurse acting as a patient advocate. WAC 246-840-700 section 3c states â€Å"The registered nurse†¦acts as client advocates in health maintenance and clinical care.† (Washington State Legislature, Practice Standards, 2004) The role of theRead MoreEssay On Doing Whats Rights875 Words   |  4 Pages Doing What’s Right Albert Campus once said,† A man without ethics is a wild beast loosed upon this world.† Ethics is a huge component in any aspect of life, but it becomes extremely crucial when the well-being of a patient becomes involved. Medical ethics during clinical research should be made more regulated because organ/tissue harvesting without consent and exposing patients to invasive procedures that are not necessary are all ethical concerns that researchers say are necessary to get